Вот, ответ, вдруг кому интересно:
Vera Kuznetsova,
Thank you for contacting us but I want to ensure that I address your inquiry appropriately. Your message states that you want to sell more stocks than you have and that you're referring to sell in short. I want to first address what short selling is.
By definition it means: The sale of securities that are not owned or which are not intended for delivery. The short seller "borrows" the stock to make delivery with the intent to buy it back at a later date at a lower price.
So basically you borrow a stock from another investor that holds that stock. You then have to return their stock to them, either when you feel you've profited or when the long investor wants to sell them. You return them by buying them back on the open market. If the stock drops in price in the market, than the short investor will collect a profit of the different between the market price when they borrowed the stock and the current market price when they buy them back.
So for example, you sell short 100 shares of XYZ when the market price is $10.00. At the time that the short trade is executed, you'll receive that total amount into your account. So in this example you'd receive $1,000. Those funds are then held in a sub-account for the purpose of buying them back on the open market. When you go to buy them back, if the market price is now only $7.00, you only have to pay $700 for the shares and get to keep the different of $300. This is when short selling can be profitable. If however, the price has increased to say $12 per share, then you have to pay $1,200 for the shares, but you only received $1,000 in the beginning, so this would be a loss of $200.
You do not have to own the underlying security in your account in order to sell short. Any marginable stock, in which shares are available to borrow, can be sold short.
Please respond and confirm your understanding of short selling, and any questions you may have. We'll then be happy to provide instructions on entering in a short sell trade.
Sincerely,
Margaret Bell
Apex Client Services, TD Ameritrade
Division of TD Ameritrade, Inc.